teo123 wrote: ↑Sat Nov 09, 2019 3:36 am
Well, I've linked you to a web-page with a lot of studies about the issue.
Not that suggest calcium causes heart disease.
We'd need mechanistic studies on the issue, epidemeological studies look only at correlations -- and poorly controlled ones. Epidemiology can only reliably find very radical cause-effect relationships.
teo123 wrote: ↑Sat Nov 09, 2019 3:36 amIf calcium doesn't cause heart disease, then Vitamin D and Vitamin K shouldn't help against heart disease either, and there is a lot of evidence they do, right?
First of all, vitamin D does a LOT of things, so even if true that would be silly.
That said, I don't think there's strong evidence that vitamin D does anything for heart disease. Vitamin D actually promotes calcium absorption from the intestines following from which it would otherwise eventually be excreted in feces.
You would expect vitamin D to make matters worse, not better, if calcium were the main factor.
A vitamin K
deficiency may promote calcification, but that's a very high amount of calcium in the blood (not normal function) because the bones are unable to bind the calcium. Additional supplementation beyond merely correcting deficiency hasn't been shown to be useful AFAIK.
And in either case, obstructive plaques can still form with very low levels of circulating calcium:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5967134/
My point is that our bodies always contain a circulating pool of calcium. Is calcium required for heart disease? Possibly, but if so even very small amounts seem to be adequate. Calcium is also required to be alive, though. Limiting calcium to the point that plaques can't build up *may* be possible in a lab model, but it wouldn't possible in vivo because such low levels of calcium would be fatal.
Not having calcium in your body isn't really an option.
The point is that there's no reason to believe consuming less calcium is beneficial to that since it's apparent that while the extremely high levels that result from vitamin K deficiency may potentially speed up calcification a little, low levels don't prevent obstructions and it may be that little to no calcification is required. The principle GLUE that's blocking arteries is cholesterol based. It's possible that extraordinarily high levels of calcium in those with vitamin K deficiency *may* exacerbate the issue, but the role of calcium in heart disease is far from clear and there's no indication that it's a limiting factor.
Regardless of calcium levels, plaques can not form without cholesterol. The same can not be said in reverse.